Plant Kingdom is divided into 02 broad categories
1) Cryptogams - Non Seed bearing plants
2) Phanerogams - Seed bearing plants
Cryptogams are further divided into the following :
1) Thallophyta
2) Bryophyta
3) Pteridophyta
Thallophyta
i) They are microscopic in nature.
ii) Plant body is not divided into roots, stem and leaves.
iii) Algae are grouped into Thallophyta.
ALGAE
1) Body may unicellular / multicellular.
2) They are mostly found in stagnant water.
3) They contain green pigment called Chlorophyll.
4) Brown and Red algae are found in sea water.
5) Brown Algae are called Kelp and can grow upto length of 60 metres.
Examples are Spirogyra, Chlamydomonar and Volvex.
BRYOPHTA
1) They consist of multicellular plants
2) They are called " amphibians" of plant kingdom as they live on land and reproduce in water.
3) Commonly they are found in damp soil and bark of trees.
4) They have stem and leaves but not true roots.
5) They have thread like structures called Rhizoids which absorb water and minerals for the plant. Rhizoids also help plant to fix in soil.
Examples are Mosses and Liverworts
PTERIDOPHYTA
1) They are multicellular.
2) They are found in damp and shady trees.
3) They have well developed roots, stem and leaves.
4) They do not bear flower and seeds.
5) Their stem may be underground ( called Rhizome ) or above the ground.
6) Their leaves are called fronds.
7) Their leaves are divided into leaflets.
8) Lower side of the leaves bear rounded brown reproductive structure called Sori.
Example is Fern, Horsetails.
Phanerogams
They are divided into two categories:
1)Gymnosperms
2)Angiosperms
Gymnosperms;
1)Gymnosperms are mostly tall evergreen trees growing on mountains.
2)Their seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
3)Their seeds are borne in cones.
4)Male cones produce pollens while female cones produce ovules which upon fertilization become seeds.
5)These plans have well-developed roots ,thick stems and needle like leaves.
Example:Cedar,Ginko.
Angiosperms:
1)They produce flowers and are also called flowering plants.
2)Fruits grow from flowers.
3)Their seeds are enclosed in fruits.
4)They are regarded as most advanced plants in plant kingdom and include all crop plants.
They are further divided into Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons:These plants bear seeds with one cotyledon-example maize ,rice.
Dicotyledons:These plants bear seeds with two cotyledons: example Gram, pea.
1) Cryptogams - Non Seed bearing plants
2) Phanerogams - Seed bearing plants
Cryptogams are further divided into the following :
1) Thallophyta
2) Bryophyta
3) Pteridophyta
Thallophyta
i) They are microscopic in nature.
ii) Plant body is not divided into roots, stem and leaves.
iii) Algae are grouped into Thallophyta.
ALGAE
1) Body may unicellular / multicellular.
2) They are mostly found in stagnant water.
3) They contain green pigment called Chlorophyll.
4) Brown and Red algae are found in sea water.
5) Brown Algae are called Kelp and can grow upto length of 60 metres.
Examples are Spirogyra, Chlamydomonar and Volvex.
BRYOPHTA
1) They consist of multicellular plants
2) They are called " amphibians" of plant kingdom as they live on land and reproduce in water.
3) Commonly they are found in damp soil and bark of trees.
4) They have stem and leaves but not true roots.
5) They have thread like structures called Rhizoids which absorb water and minerals for the plant. Rhizoids also help plant to fix in soil.
Examples are Mosses and Liverworts
PTERIDOPHYTA
1) They are multicellular.
2) They are found in damp and shady trees.
3) They have well developed roots, stem and leaves.
4) They do not bear flower and seeds.
5) Their stem may be underground ( called Rhizome ) or above the ground.
6) Their leaves are called fronds.
7) Their leaves are divided into leaflets.
8) Lower side of the leaves bear rounded brown reproductive structure called Sori.
Example is Fern, Horsetails.
Phanerogams
They are divided into two categories:
1)Gymnosperms
2)Angiosperms
Gymnosperms;
1)Gymnosperms are mostly tall evergreen trees growing on mountains.
2)Their seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
3)Their seeds are borne in cones.
4)Male cones produce pollens while female cones produce ovules which upon fertilization become seeds.
5)These plans have well-developed roots ,thick stems and needle like leaves.
Example:Cedar,Ginko.
Angiosperms:
1)They produce flowers and are also called flowering plants.
2)Fruits grow from flowers.
3)Their seeds are enclosed in fruits.
4)They are regarded as most advanced plants in plant kingdom and include all crop plants.
They are further divided into Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons:These plants bear seeds with one cotyledon-example maize ,rice.
Dicotyledons:These plants bear seeds with two cotyledons: example Gram, pea.
